Common English Idioms

Idioms


Cambridge International Dictionary of Idioms
Common idioms
1 Some of the most common idioms in English are highlighted in the dictionary.
Below on the left are some common idioms. Choose the correct meaning from the
list on the right.
1. be par for the course a find compromises
2. give the game away b make people feel relaxed with each other
3. give and take c do something in a way that will give good results
4 have it in for sb d choose what you want
5. know sth inside out e be determined to hurt or criticize sb
6. break the ice f spoil a secret surprise or joke
7. take your pick g know everything about a subject
8. be on the right track h happen as you would expect
2 Fill gaps in these sentences with the idioms in Exercise 1.
1. A: Which one can I have? B: ......................................
2. The train was half an hour late but I suppose that ............................................., isn’t it?
3. They weren’t very talkative at first, then someone told a joke and that really ..............................
4. You have to ............................ in these situations. There’s always an element of compromise.
5. A: Peter’s going to be there and there’s going to be a band and you’ll never guess …
B: Oh don’t say anything else. You’ll ...................................................................
6. You could ask Emma. She can recite most of the words in the film. She
............................................................
7. We’ve got all the answers right so far so it looks as though we ...............................................
8. My boss ...................................... She’s constantly criticizing my work even when someone
else has praised it.
Grammar
3 Fill in the gaps in these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. She bends over backwards ............................... them and they’re not very grateful. (help)
2. I’ve half a mind ......................... her to clean it again. It’s still filthy. (tell)
3. A group of scientists report that they are on the brink of ........................... a cure for cancer.
(discover)
4. He’s very disappointed. He had set his sights on ............................. a pilot. (become)
5. You’d be hard put ........................ a nicer house than the one you’re in now. (find)
6. I’d give my right arm .......................... a holiday at the moment. (have)
7. We did some mountain-biking and I had a stab at .......................... as well. (waterski)
8. The company was at pains ........................... that they had no intention of cutting jobs. (stress)
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4 The following idioms are missing prepositions. Can you guess which preposition
goes where? Check in the dictionary.
1. He didn’t get any authority to take the action. He went ................. his boss’s head.
2. Don’t say a word to anyone, do you promise? Keep it ................. your hat.
3. Go easy ................. her. She doesn’t understand. She’s only a child.
4. She won’t tell me anything. It’s like trying to get blood ................. a stone.
5. Go on spoil yourselves. Push the boat ................. for a change.
6. She’s got a good ear ................. languages and she’s pretty musical as well.
7. That was quick. You’re ................. the ball this morning.
8. I’ve had it ................. with him and we seem to have resolved most of the problems.
on out on for out out of over under
Opposites
5 The entries for the idioms below all show their opposites too. Use the opposites to
fill in the gaps in the appropriate sentences. Remember to use the correct form of
the verbs.
a on the agenda
b open your eyes to sth
c nothing to write home about
d keep track
e get in my hair
1. We’ve been ...................................... to this problem for far too long.
2. I wish you would ................................ and leave me in peace for 5 minutes.
3. If I won the lottery, now that would be ...........................................................
4. Unfortunately, tennis is .................................... until my leg gets better.
5. Where are you living these days? You move so often I’m always ......................................
Interesting origins
6 Throughout the dictionary you will see a small symbol . This means that you
will find some interesting background information about an idiom. Look at the
dictionary (using the word underlined) and answer true or false to these
statements. What is the idiom connected with each statement?
1. Achilles was a man in Greek mythology who injured his arm.
2. Knights were soldiers in medieval times who rode on horses and helped rescue women in danger.
3. Card players throw in their hand when they know they can win a game.
4. A magic wand is a stick used in magic tricks.
5. A clam is a type of shellfish which is slow to react when it is attacked.
6. A beaver is a small animal which people believe to be hard-working and eager to help.
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Collocations
7 Common collocations using idioms are highlighted in bold in the example sentences
in the dictionary. Match the beginnings and ends of these collocations.
1. a last ditch a like a headless chicken
2. way b the drain
3. make a clean break c a hasty retreat
4. cheap shot d into your pockets
5. go down e attempt
6. start with f out of line
7. running around g with the past
8. dig deep h a clean slate
9. beat i artist
Choose 4 of these idioms and think of an appropriate context you might use them in.
Different idioms for different situations
8 Where would you expect to hear the following? In American, Australian or British
English?
1. They’ve been coining it in since they opened the shop on the corner.
2. I hear you’re a dab hand with a paintbrush.
3. He’s as daft as a brush. Don’t believe a word he says.
4. I tried to make a cupboard for my bedroom and I made a real dog’s breakfast of it.
5. She said that her job was as easy as rolling off a log.
6. He hemmed and hawed and then agreed to come with us.
9 Some idioms are only used in certain contexts. Tick the correct column for these
verbs.
informal formal literary humorous old-fashioned
get the hell out
pearl of wisdom
a hostage to
fortune
have a ball
be knee-high to
a grasshopper
be that as it may
by the sweat of
your brow
baker’s dozen
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Comparisons: As + adj + as noun
10 Match the two halves of the idioms
1. as blind a as a cucumber
2. as clear b as mud
3. as cool c as a feather
4. as quick d as a bat
5. as light e as a flash
Can you predict what the idioms containing these adjectives might be? Check your
answers in the dictionary.
cold white dry safe solid hard
Themes
11 Look at the ‘Business’ theme panel at the back of the dictionary and answer these
questions.
How can you describe someone who:
1. is more successful than other people trying to achieve the same things as them?
2. is one of the most important people in a small organization (they would have much less
power and importance if they were part of a larger organization)?
3. is good at their job and soon becomes rich?
4. demands a lot when making an agreement with someone?
5. is practical and determined?
6. is trying to get money or power in a dishonest way?
7. is stealing money from the place where they work?
8. has firm control over the organization they run?
12 Look at the ‘Happiness and Sadness’ theme panel and fill in the gaps in these
sentences. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. Helena was .............................. when she found out her exam results. She couldn’t stop
laughing.
2. It ............................ my mother’s ..................... when my brother came home from Australia.
3. .............................. when I think how many people were killed in that earthquake.
4. He doesn’t stop complaining. He’s such a ..........................................
5. What’s the matter with you today? You look ...................................
6. I wish she’d take that smile off her face. She looks .................................................
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Other languages used in English idioms
13 Choose one of the phrases from the box to fill in the gaps in the sentences
ad nauseum raison d’être déjà vu pièce de résistance in loco parentis
1. It was the first time I had been there but I had a strange feeling of .............................
2. He talks ................................. about football. I find it very boring sometimes.
3. While children are at school, teachers are ....................................
4. The ..................................... was when the orchestra and the fireworks began.
5. She’ll never give up the theatre. It’s her ..........................................
Idioms from other idioms
14 The dictionary entries for all of the idioms below also show other idioms which
are formed from them. Verbs may be turned into nouns or adjectives, for example
waste your breath a waste of breath, or the verb may be changed with another verb
have the hump get the hump. In other cases nouns become adjectives.
Fill in the gaps using other idioms formed from the idioms in brackets.
1. (stab sb in the back) Finding out that your colleague was lying to your boss about you must
have been ........................................
2. (blue blood) I’m not surprised he’s related to royalty. He does behave like he’s
.........................................
3. (the grass roots) We’ve got the management on our side but we need more
.......................................... support.
4. (have green fingers) Her garden is fantastic. She’s very ........................................
5. (a hang-up) Men don’t tend to .................................... about their weight.
6. (make or break sth) This is ................................. time. If the experiment doesn’t work this time
we’ll have to give it up.
15 A lot of idioms contain parts of the body. Here are just a few with the word ‘head’.
(This diagram is one good way of collecting new idioms when you read or hear
them.)
Write an example sentence for each of these idioms. Now choose another part of
the body or face and draw similar diagrams. Write example sentences for the
idioms you have chosen.